They are now called electrons, although he originally called them corpuscles. Thomson’s most important line of work, interrupted only for lectures at Princeton University in 1896, was that which led him in 1897 to the conclusion that all matter, whatever its source, contains particles of the same kind that are much less massive than the atoms of which they form a part. Although not everyone would have listed the same names, the majority of those qualified to judge would have included Thomson. Probably not more than a half dozen great physicists were associated with this change. The new physics was wildly exciting to those who, lucky enough to be engaged in it, saw its boundless possibilities. By 1900, however, only elderly conservatives held this view, and by 1914 a new physics was in existence, which raised, indeed, more questions than it could answer. Following the great discoveries of the 19th century in electricity, magnetism, and thermodynamics, many physicists in the 1880s were saying that their science was coming to an end like an exhausted mine. Thomson entered physics at a critical point in its history. Prompt recognition of Thomson’s achievement by the scientific community came in 1884 with his election as a fellow of the Royal Society of London and appointment to the chair of physics at the Cavendish Laboratory. Who was the first scientist to conduct a controlled nuclear chain reaction experiment? What is the unit of measure for cycles per second? Test your physics acumen with this quiz. As set forth by James Clerk Maxwell, electricity and magnetism were interrelated quantitative changes in one produced corresponding changes in the other. He began also to develop the theory of electromagnetism. degree in mathematics in 1880, the opportunity of doing experimental research drew him to the Cavendish Laboratory. In 1876 he obtained a scholarship at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he remained for the rest of his life. He was fortunate in that, in contrast with most colleges at the time, Owens provided some courses in experimental physics. When he was only 14, he entered Owens College, now the University of Manchester. Thomson was the son of a bookseller in a suburb of Manchester. He received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1906 and was knighted in 1908.
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Thomson, in full Sir Joseph John Thomson, (born December 18, 1856, Cheetham Hill, near Manchester, England-died August 30, 1940, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire), English physicist who helped revolutionize the knowledge of atomic structure by his discovery of the electron (1897).
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